Dalam bahasan kali ini, kita akan membahas tentang Direct dan Indirect dalam bentuk pertanyaan.
1. Bila kalimat tanya menggunakan Auxiliary Verb (kata kerja bantu)
Pada umumnya Reporting Verb (kata kerja yang melaporkan) menggunakan kata kerja : ask(bertanya). sedangkan dalam kalimat tak langsung nya antara Reporting Verb dengan Reported Words dihubungkan dengan kata "if & whether (jika, apakah)"
Rumus : Introductory Clause + if/whether + S + V
Contoh :
D : I asked her, "Do you like banana?"
= Saya bertanya padanya, "Aapakah kamu suka pisang?"
I : I asked her whether she liked banana
= Saya bertanya padanya apakah dia suka pisang
2. Bila kalimat tanya menggunakan kata tanya (Question Word)
Dalam bentuk kalimat tak langsung, kata tanya yang digunakan dalam kalimat langsung di rubah menjadi kata penghubung (where, when, why, what, who, how,) antara Reporting Verb dengan Reported Words.
Rumus : Introductory Clause + Wh-word** + S + V
Contoh :
D : Rahma asked me, "Who is that boy?"
= Rahma bertanya kepada saya "siapa lelaki itu?"
I : Rahma asked me who that boy was
= Rahma bertanya kepada saya siapa lelaki itu
Sabtu, 08 April 2017
Jumat, 07 April 2017
Penggunaan Indefinte Pronoun
Idenfinite Pronoun adalah kata ganti yang merujuk pada benda, obyek atau apapun yang tidak spesifik. Indefinite pronounmemiliki bentuk tunggal dan jamak. Pada beberapa kasus,indefinite pronoun dapat digunakan sebagai kata ganti yang tunggal maupun jamak.
Idenfinite yang akan dibahas kali ini adalah : some, any, and no
1. Some (beberapa, sedikit)
Apabila digunakan bersama countable noun memiliki arti beberapa. Sedangkan jika digunakan bersama uncountable noun memiliki arti sedikit. Dan pada umunnya digunakan dalam kalimat positif
Contoh :
Jika digunakan bersama countable noun memiliki arti beberapa, tetapi jika digunakan dalam kalimat uncountable noun berarti sedikit. Dan pada umumnya digunakan dalam kalimat negatif dan kalimat tanya.
Contoh :
3. No (tidak)
Digunakan untuk mengganti bentuk not any
Contoh :
Idenfinite yang akan dibahas kali ini adalah : some, any, and no
1. Some (beberapa, sedikit)
Apabila digunakan bersama countable noun memiliki arti beberapa. Sedangkan jika digunakan bersama uncountable noun memiliki arti sedikit. Dan pada umunnya digunakan dalam kalimat positif
Contoh :
- I have some money = saya mempunyai sedikit uang
- There are some ruler on the table =Ada beberapa penggaris diatas meja
Jika digunakan bersama countable noun memiliki arti beberapa, tetapi jika digunakan dalam kalimat uncountable noun berarti sedikit. Dan pada umumnya digunakan dalam kalimat negatif dan kalimat tanya.
Contoh :
- She doesn't have any time to talk with you = Dia tidak mempunyai banyak waktu untuk berbicara denganmu
- Does your brother have any interesting book ? = Apakah saudaramu mempunyai buku yang menarik ?
3. No (tidak)
Digunakan untuk mengganti bentuk not any
Contoh :
- There was not any children in the yard = Tidak ada anak-anak di taman
Kamis, 06 April 2017
Penggunaan Determiner
Pembahasan kali ini akan membahas penggunaan Determiner, Determiner adalah kata atau kelompok kata yang diletakkan di depan noun/kata benda untuk memperjelas mengacu pada apa noun/kata benda tersebut.
Yang akan di bahasa meliputi all, each, every, few dan little.
Mari kita bahas satu persatu secara lebih lengkap.
1. All (semua)
Digunakan bersama countable noun(benda yang dapat dihitung) dan uncoutable noun (benda yang tidak dapat dihitung)
Contoh :
Digunakan untuk orang atau benda yang berjumlah dua atau lebih
Contoh :
3. Every (setiap)
Pada umumnya digunakan untuk bilangan tertentu yang lebih dari dua
Contoh :
4. Few (sedikit)
Digunakan bersama countable noun (yang dapat dihitung)
Contoh :
5. Little (sedikit, hampir tak ada, tidak banyak)
Digunakan bersama dengan uncoutable noun (yang tak dapat dihitung)
Contoh :
Yang akan di bahasa meliputi all, each, every, few dan little.
Mari kita bahas satu persatu secara lebih lengkap.
1. All (semua)
Digunakan bersama countable noun(benda yang dapat dihitung) dan uncoutable noun (benda yang tidak dapat dihitung)
Contoh :
- You must take all the books for your children =Kamu harus membawa semua buku-buku itu untuk ank-anakmu
- All my paper is white =Semua kertas ku berwarna putih
Digunakan untuk orang atau benda yang berjumlah dua atau lebih
Contoh :
- Each student has to do that lesson = Masing-masing siswa harus mengerjakan pelajaran itu
3. Every (setiap)
Pada umumnya digunakan untuk bilangan tertentu yang lebih dari dua
Contoh :
- He comes here every sunday =Dia datang kesini setiap hari minggu
4. Few (sedikit)
Digunakan bersama countable noun (yang dapat dihitung)
Contoh :
- There are few students in the classroom = Ada sedikit murid di dalam kelas
5. Little (sedikit, hampir tak ada, tidak banyak)
Digunakan bersama dengan uncoutable noun (yang tak dapat dihitung)
Contoh :
- Give me little water, please = Tolong berikan saya sedikit air
Direct and Indirect Speech dalam bentuk Present
Sebelum memabahas tentang direct dan indirect dalam bentuk past, kita harus mengenal dulu apa itu Direct and Indirect.
Direct : Perkataan langsung yang diucapkan pembaca
Indirect : Kalimat yang diucapkan untuk menyampaikan pernyataan seseorang kepada orang lain
Apabila kalimat langsung (direct speech) memiliki Reporting Verb dalam bentuk Simple Present Tense, Future Tense atau Present Pefect Tense, maka saat diubah menjadi kalimat tak langsung (indirect speech) Reporter Word-nya tidak mengalami perubahan bentuk tense.
a. Simple Present Tense tetap menjadi Simple Present Tense
Contoh :
D : Rizki says, "I am ill"
I : Rizki says that he is ill
b. Present Continous Tense tetap menjadi Present Continous Tense
Contoh :
D : She will say, "I am writiting a letter"
I : She will say that she is writing a letter
c. Future Tense tetap menjadi Future Tense
Contoh :
D : Luna has said to me, "I will go with you"
I : Luna has said that she will go with me
d. Simple Past Tense tetap menjadi Simple Past Tense
Contoh :
D : Billy will say, "I was Happy in that day"
I : Billy will say that he was happy in that day
e. Future Continous Tense tetap menjadi Future Continous Tense
Contoh :
D : He says, "I shall be eating at six tonight"
I : He says that he will be eating at six tonight
f. Present Perfect Tense tetap menjadi Present Perfect Tense
Contoh :
D : Bitari has said, "I have worked hard this year"
I : Bitari has said that she has worked hard this year
Direct and Indirect Speech dalam bentuk Past
Sebelum memabahas tentang direct dan indirect dalam bentuk past, kita harus mengenal dulu apa itu Direct and Indirect.
Direct : Perkataan langsung yang diucapkan pembaca
Indirect : Kalimat yang diucapkan untuk menyampaikan pernyataan seseorang kepada orang lain
Dalam pembahasan kali ini, kita akan membahas tentang direct and indirect yang menggunakan bentuk past. Apabila kalimat langsung memiliki reporting verb dalam bentuk simple past tense atau past perfect tense, maka saat diubah menjadi kalimat tak langsung, reported words-nya akan mengalami perubahan dalam bentuk waktu, keterangan waktu dan keterangan tempatnya.
a. Simple Present Tense berubah menjadi Simple Past Tense
Contoh :
D : He said, "my mother is a wise woman"
I : He said that his mother was a wise women
b. Present Continuous Tense berubah menjadi Past Continuous Tense
Contoh :
D : Sarah had said , "I am cooking rice"
I : Sarah had said that she was cooking a rice
c. Future Tense berubah menjadi Past Future Tense
Contoh :
D : He said , "I will go to school"
I : He said that he would go to school
d. Future Continous Tense berubah menjadi Past Continous Tense
Contoh :
D : She had said, " I shall be studying at that time"
I : She had said that she should be studying at that time
e. Simple Past Tense berubah menjadi Past Pefect Tense
Contoh :
D : Rahman said, " I studied English last night"
I : Rahman said that he had studied English the previuous night
f. Present Perfect Tense berubah menjadi Past Perfect Tense
Contoh :
D : Monica had said, "My mother has gone to the market"
I : Monica had said that her mother had gone to the market
Disamping perubahan bentuk waktu Reported words-nya juga harus di perhatikan perubahan keterangan waktu (adverb of time) dan keterangan tempat (adverb of place) contoh sbb :
No
|
DIRECT
|
INDIRECT
|
1
|
Now
|
Then
|
2
|
Tomorrow
|
The following day
|
3
|
Yesterday
|
The day before
|
4
|
Next week
|
The following week
|
5
|
Tonight/Today
|
That night/That day
|
6
|
Here
|
There
|
7
|
This
|
That
|
8
|
These
|
Those
|
My lovely Pitt
This is my sad experience, In the middle of June of 2015, I got my first cat. His name was Pitt. I was 15 years old when I got him. He was the cutest kitty I have ever seen. He instantly became my best friend and since I hadn't started school yet, he was my only friend. He would always follow me around when I would leave the room we were in. He always wanted in my room and would scratch at my door until I let him in. He hated being picked up but he would always let me pick him up and hold him for awhile. Pitt was the best cat I could ever ask for.
There were times he would scratch me but it was my fault because I would always bug him. I'd make him dance with me or make him try to walk on his two back legs and sometimes his two front legs. I remember when my family and I brought him home, I told him he was going to live forever and he would always be my kitty. He licked my face and i hugged him.
12th May, at 8:07 P.M, he passed away... :( within the last couple weeks, I noticed he had been losing weight. He started to have trouble walking and even if you put him down really gently, he would still fall over. Earlier today, he had to drag himself across the floor when he tried to walk but fell over and smacked his head against the table. My dad found an old blanket and set it by his chair and wrapped Pitt up in it. He didn't open his eyes at all when my dad moved him. He lost all of his energy. I am going to miss him so much. He always knew when I was upset or having a bad day because he would walk over to me and rub his head on mine and lick my face. When he saw me crying, he would snuggle up next to me and I would hold him and he would lick my hand. R.I.P Pitt, I will always love you and no cat could ever replace you <3
There were times he would scratch me but it was my fault because I would always bug him. I'd make him dance with me or make him try to walk on his two back legs and sometimes his two front legs. I remember when my family and I brought him home, I told him he was going to live forever and he would always be my kitty. He licked my face and i hugged him.
12th May, at 8:07 P.M, he passed away... :( within the last couple weeks, I noticed he had been losing weight. He started to have trouble walking and even if you put him down really gently, he would still fall over. Earlier today, he had to drag himself across the floor when he tried to walk but fell over and smacked his head against the table. My dad found an old blanket and set it by his chair and wrapped Pitt up in it. He didn't open his eyes at all when my dad moved him. He lost all of his energy. I am going to miss him so much. He always knew when I was upset or having a bad day because he would walk over to me and rub his head on mine and lick my face. When he saw me crying, he would snuggle up next to me and I would hold him and he would lick my hand. R.I.P Pitt, I will always love you and no cat could ever replace you <3
Minggu, 02 April 2017
Membentuk Question Tag
Question tag adalah pertanyaan singkat di akhir kalimat/pernyataan yang digunakan untuk meminta persetujuan dari lawan bicara Anda atau mengonfirmasi benar tidaknya pernyataan Anda tersebut
Berikut ini beberapa ketentuan dalam membentuk question tag :
Berikut ini beberapa ketentuan dalam membentuk question tag :
1. Jika kalimatnya positif, maka question tag-nya negatif.
Contoh:
- You are sick, aren’t you? (Kamu sakit, kan?)
- She is Rani, isn’t she? (Dia Rani, bukan?)
2. Jika kalimatnya negatif, maka question tag-nya positif.
Contoh:
- You are not sick, are you?([Kamu tidak sakit, kan?)
- She is not serious, is she? (Dia tidak serius, bukan?)
3. Jika subjeknya I am, maka question tag-nya aren’t I. Namun, bila subjeknya I am not, maka question tag-nya am I.
Contoh:
- I am beautiful, aren’t I? (Saya cantik, kan?)
- I am not late, am I? (Saya tidak telat, kan?)
4. Jika kalimatnya menggunakan kata kerja (verb), maka gunakan do/does untuk Verb 1 dan did untuk Verb 2 dalam membuat question tag-nya.
Contoh:
- Justin plays Badminton, doesn’t he? (Justin bermain badminton, kan?)
- She played Badminton, didn’t she? (Dia bermain badminton, kan?)
5. Jika kalimatnya menggunakan modals, maka gunakan modals untuk question tag-nya. Khusus untuk modals have to, gunakan kata bantu do untuk question tag-nya.
Contoh:
- Kabir can’t speak english, can he? (Kabir tidak bisa berbicara inggris, kan?)
- They have to go to library, don’t they? (Mereka harus pergi ke perpustakaan, kan?)
6. Jika kalimatnya mengandung sebuah kata dengan arti negatif, seperti nobody, no one, seldom, nothing, hardly, barely, rarely, maka gunakan question tag positif.
Contoh:
- No one cares about this gossip, do they? (Tak ada seorang pun yang peduli dengan gosip ini, kan?)
- She never seems to care, does she? (Dia tak pernah nampak peduli, kan?)
- Nobody lived in this house, did they? ( Tidak ada seorang pun yang tinggal di rumah ini, kan?)
7. Jika subjeknya everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, no one dan nobody, maka gunakan they dalam question tag.
Contoh:
- Somebody played the guitar last night, didn’t they? (Seseorang bermain gitar tadi malam, kan?)
- Everybody watched the movie, didn’t they? (Setiap orang menonton film itu, kan?)
8. Jika subjeknya everything, something, dan nothing, maka gunakan it dalam question tag.
Contoh:
- Everything should be alright, shouldn’t it? (Semua seharusnya baik-baik saja, kan?)
- Something is wrong, isn’t it? (Sesuatu salah, kan?)
9. Jika kalimatnya berupa perintah atau larangan, gunakan will you untuk question tag-nya.
Contoh:
- Open the window, will you? (Buka jendela, ya?)
- Don’t be late, will you? (Jangan telat, ya?)
10. Jika kalimatnya dimulai dengan let’s, maka question tag-nya adalah shall we.
Contoh:
- Let’s playing football, shall we? (Bermain bola, yuk?)
- Let’s go to the vintas's home, shall we? (Pergi ke rumah vinta, yuk?)
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